Which condition is inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis?

• A. Pyelonephritis
• B. Cystocele
• C. Vesicovaginal Fistula
• D. Neurogenic Bladder

Answer: (A)

Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney and its renal pelvis, usually caused by a bacterial infection that ascends from the bladder or spreads through the blood. It affects the kidney tissue (parenchyma) and the lining of the pelvis, leading to symptoms such as fever, flank pain, and urinary symptoms. The term combines “pyelo” (pelvis) and “nephritis” (kidney inflammation). Other options describe different urinary problems: a cystocele is bladder prolapse into the vagina; a vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and vagina causing leakage; a neurogenic bladder is impaired bladder function due to nerve problems. So the condition that specifically refers to inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis is pyelonephritis.