What is the inherited kidney condition characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts replacing normal tissue?

• A. Polycystic kidney disease
• B. Nephroptosis
• C. Glomerulonephritis
• D. Nephropyrosis

Answer: (A)

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder in which many fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys and replace normal kidney tissue. As these cysts grow, they expand the kidneys and progressively reduce functioning parenchyma, leading to enlarged kidneys and eventual renal failure. This description fits the option best because the defining feature is multiple cysts replacing normal kidney tissue, not downward kidney displacement, inflammation, or an infectious/purulent condition. Nephroptosis describes a kidney that drops when standing, glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, and nephropyrosis isn’t a typical inherited kidney condition characterized by cysts.