How does pregnancy influence susceptibility to urinary tract infections and what preventive measure is often recommended?

• A. UTIs are unrelated to pregnancy
• B. Pregnancy causes urinary stasis and ureteral dilation increasing UTI risk; prompt treatment and sometimes prophylactic antibiotics in recurrent cases
• C. Pregnancy reduces UTI risk
• D. Promoting hydration alone is sufficient to prevent UTIs in pregnancy

Answer: (B)

Pregnancy alters urinary tract dynamics, leading to urinary stasis and ureteral dilation from hormonal effects and the growing uterus. This slows urine flow and makes it easier for bacteria to ascend from the bladder, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria, which can progress to pyelonephritis if not addressed. The preventive approach emphasizes treating any infection promptly with antibiotics that are safe in pregnancy, and in people with recurrent infections or persistent bacteriuria, using low-dose prophylactic antibiotics during pregnancy to reduce recurrence. Hydration helps overall health but by itself does not fully prevent UTIs in pregnancy.